FOB (Free On Board) - The shipper/seller uses his freight forwarder to move the merchandise to the port or designated point of origin. Delivery is accomplished when the shipper/seller releases the goods to the buyer's forwarder. The buyer's responsibility for insurance and transportation begins at the same moment.

FCA (Free Carrier) - The seller is responsible for arranging transportation, but she is acting at the risk and the expense of the buyer. The seller chooses and works with the freight forwarder or the carrier. Delivery is accomplished at a predetermined port or destination point and the buyer is responsible for insurance.

FAS (Free Alongside Ship) - The buyer bears all the transportation costs and the risk of loss of goods. FAS requires the shipper/seller to clear goods for export, a reversal from past practices. Delivery is completed when the goods are turned over to the buyers forwarder for insurance and transportation.

CFR (Cost and Freight) - The shipper/seller is responsible to get goods from his door to the port of destination. Delivery is accomplished at this time. Buyer is responsible to cover insurance from the port of origin or port of shipment to buyer's door. Given that the shipper is responsible for transportation, the shipper also chooses the forwarder.

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) - Similar to CFR, but instead of the buyer insuring the goods for the maritime phase of the voyage, the shipper/seller will insure the merchandise. The seller usually chooses the forwarder. Delivery is cmpleted at the port of destination.

CPT (Carriage Paid To) - The shipper/seller has the same responsibilities as with CIF, with the addition that the seller has to buy cargo insurance, naming the buyer as the insured while the goods are in transit.

CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) - Used for multimodal transport. Because it relies on the carrier's insurance, the shipper/seller is only required to purchase minimum coverage. When this particular agreement is in force, freight forwarders often act in effect, as carriers. The buyer's insurance is effective when the goods are turned over to the Forwarder.

DAF (Delivered At Frontier) - The seller is responsible to hire a forwarder to take goods to a named frontier, which usually a border crossing point, and clear them for export. Delivery occurs at this time. The buyer's responsibility is to arrange with their forwarder for the pick up of the goods after they are cleared for export, carry them across the border, clear them for importation and effect delivery. The buyer's forwarder handles the task of accepting the goods at the border across the foreign soil.

DES (Delivered Ex Ship) - The seller is responsible to get the goods to the port of destination or to engage the forwarder to the move cargo to the port of destination uncleared. Delivery occurs at this time. Any destination charges that occur after the ship is docked are the buyer's responsibility.

DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) - The buyer/consignee is responsible for duties and charges and the seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the quay, wharf or port of destination. The buyer must arrange for customs clearance.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) - Used in intermodal or courier-type shipments. Whereby, the shipper/seller is responsible for dealing with all the tasks involved in moving goods from the manufacturing plant to the buyer/consignee's door. Shipper/seller is responsible to insure the goods and absorb all costs and risks including the payment of duty and fees.

DDQ (Delivered Duty Unpaid) - The same as with DDP, except for the fact that the buyer is responsible for the duty, fees and taxes.